Vivam os vossos sonhos

Penso que o que se passa durante 1/3 da nossa vida, (enquanto estamos a dormir) é importante…

Encontrei (agora mesmo) este artigo: http://boingboing.net/2015/02/16/dreamland-adventures-in-the-s.html

David K Randall’s Dreamland is a review of the best scientific thinking that illuminates and important subject: namely, why do we spend a third of our lives paralyzed, eyes closed, having vivid hallucinations?

Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393345866/downandoutint-20

David Randall wants you to know five things about sleep:

1) We don’t know much about sleep

2) We don’t think much about sleep

3) We pretend sleep doesn’t matter

4) Sleep matters, a lot

5) And boy, is sleep ever weird

Framed as a journey through which the author tries to get to the bottom of his own alarming sleepwalking, Dreamland is thirteen loosely joined essays, each covering a different aspect of sleep, from sleep-related errors in military fatalities to people who commit grotesque murder in their sleep to the strange social history of dreaming to the painful business of “sleep training” newborns.

In each chapter, Randall visits the best thinking in sleep science, often interviewing leading thinkers in the field about cutting-edge research and the best current thinking.

Although each chapter constitutes a well-told scientific tale, not much effort is put into tying the chapters together.

Even so, taken as a whole, the book goes a long way to making the case for sleep as an urgent life-necessity and not a weakness of the flesh.

Over and over again, in sports and medicine and war-fighting and scholarship, Randall tells the stories of people whose macho work ethic put sleep behind other considerations of “getting the job done,” who discovered a false economy and paid a terrible price in the form of decreased judgment, performance, and stamina.

This is the sort of thing that, depite being well-known, isn’t well-understood.

We treat insomnia as a weakness, treat sleeping pills and caffeine as an easily substitutable for time with our heads down, and consistently underestimate the extent to which sleep deprivation has undermined our effectiveness.

I read my copy while horrifically jetlagged and found it especially trenchant — and alarming.

But Randall’s such a charming storyteller that I was able to convert my alarm to rest, rather than having it keep me awake.

Em termos práticos:

http://www.wikihow.com/Lucid-Dream

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonho_l%C3%BAcido

It has been suggested that sufferers of nightmares could benefit from the ability to be aware they are indeed dreaming. A pilot study was performed in 2006 that showed that lucid dreaming therapy treatment was successful in reducing nightmare frequency. This treatment consisted of exposure to the idea, mastery of the technique, and lucidity exercises. It was not clear what aspects of the treatment were responsible for the success of overcoming nightmares, though the treatment as a whole was successful.[38]

Australian psychologist Milan Colic has explored the application of principles from narrative therapy with clients’ lucid dreams, to reduce the impact not only of nightmares during sleep, but also depression, self-mutilation, and other problems in waking life. Colic found that clients preferred direction for their lives, as identified during therapeutic conversations, could lessen the distressing content of dreams, while understandings about life—and even characters—from lucid dreams could be invoked in “real” life with marked therapeutic benefits.[39]

Psychotherapists have applied lucid dreaming as an application for therapy. Studies have shown that by inducing a lucid dream recurrent nightmares can be alleviated. This alleviation is unclear whether it is due to lucidity or the ability to alter the dream itself. A study performed by Spoormaker and van den Bout (2006) evaluated the validity of lucid dreaming treatment (LDT) in chronic nightmare sufferers.[40] LDT is composed of exposure, mastery, and lucidity exercises. Results of lucid dreaming treatment revealed that the nightmare frequency of the treatment groups had decreased. In another study, Spoormaker, van den Bout, and Meijer (2003) investigated lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares by testing 8 subjects who received a one hour individual session, which consisted of lucid dreaming exercises.[41] The results of the study revealed that the nightmare frequency had decreased and the sleep quality had slightly increased. Holzinger, Klösch and Saletu managed a psychotherapy study under the working name of ‘Cognition during dreaming – a therapeutic intervention in nightmares’, which included 40 subjects, men and women, 18–50 years old, whose life quality was significantly altered by nightmares.[42] The test subjects were administered Gestalt group therapy and 24 of them were also taught to enter the state of lucid dreaming by Holzinger. This was purposefully taught in order to change the course of their nightmares. The subjects then reported the diminishment of their nightmare prevalence from 2-3 times a week to 2-3 times per month.

Perception of time

In 1985, Stephen LaBerge performed a pilot study that showed that time perception while counting during a lucid dream is about the same as during waking life. Lucid dreamers counted out ten seconds while dreaming, signaling the start and the end of the count with a pre-arranged eye signal measured with electrooculogram recording.[43] LaBerge’s results were confirmed by German researchers in 2004. The German study, by D. Erlacher and M. Schredl, also studied motor activity and found deep knee bends took 44% longer to perform while lucid dreaming…

Citando a “Rational Wiki”:

While the phenomenon has been established as real and is being studied as a valid field of sleep research, some New Agers have taken this as a starting point to make wild and unsubstantiated claims about the nature of consciousness…

Lá porque algumas pessoas mais oportunistas se lançam logo em “wild and unsubstatiated claims”, isso não deverá evitar que exista uma maior divulgação sobre o que é “valid field of sleep research”…

Na investigação científica, um exemplo (muito?) conhecido é este, sobre a descoberta do Benzeno: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzeno#O_sonho_de_Kekul.C3.A9

Eu estava sentado à mesa a escrever o meu compêndio, mas o trabalho não rendia; os meus pensamentos estavam noutro sítio. Virei a cadeira para a lareira e comecei a dormitar.

Outra vez começaram os átomos às cambalhotas em frente dos meus olhos. Desta vez os grupos mais pequenos mantinham-se modestamente à distância. A minha visão mental, aguçada por repetidas visões desta espécie, podia distinguir agora estruturas maiores com variadas conformações; longas filas, por vezes alinhadas e muito juntas; todas torcendo-se e voltando-se em movimentos serpenteantes. Mas olha! O que é aquilo? Um das serpentes tinha filado a própria cauda e a forma que fazia rodopiava troscistamente diante dos meus olhos. Como se se tivesse produzido um relâmpago, acordei;… passei o resto da noite a verificar as consequências da hipótese. Aprendamos a sonhar, senhores, pois então talvez nos apercebamos da verdade.” – Augusto Kekulé, 1865.

The new understanding of benzene, and hence of all aromatic compounds, proved to be so important for both pure and applied chemistry that in 1890 the German Chemical Society organized an elaborate appreciation in Kekulé’s honor, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of his first benzene paper. Here Kekulé spoke of the creation of the theory. He said that he had discovered the ring shape of the benzene molecule after having a reverie or day-dream of a snake seizing its own tail (this is a common symbol in many ancient cultures known as the Ouroboros or Endless knot).[32]

This vision, he said, came to him after years of studying the nature of carbon-carbon bonds. <—————————–

This was 7 years after he had solved the problem of how carbon atoms could bond to up to four other atoms at the same time. It is curious that a similar, humorous depiction of benzene had appeared in 1886 in the Berichte der Durstigen Chemischen Gesellschaft (Journal of the Thirsty Chemical Society), a parody of the Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, only the parody had monkeys seizing each other in a circle, rather than snakes as in Kekulé's anecdote.[33] Some historians have suggested that the parody was a lampoon of the snake anecdote, possibly already well known through oral transmission even if it had not yet appeared in print.[12] (Some others have speculated that Kekulé's story in 1890 was a re-parody of the monkey spoof, and was a mere invention rather than a recollection of an event in his life.[citation needed]) Kekulé's 1890 speech[34] in which these anecdotes appeared has been translated into English.[35] If the anecdote is the memory of a real event, circumstances mentioned in the story suggest that it must have happened early in 1862.[36]

Comento que "não basta fechar os olhos e sonhar" porque o sonho que ele teve, foi ao fim de muitos anos de estudo…

Por outro lado:

Sugiro um filme interessante de Wim Wenders, e que é "estranhamente actual", se olharmos á nossa volta e virmos o modo como as pessoas ficam "agarradas" aos telemóveis actuais: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until_the_End_of_the_World

Citação:

After the death of the hitchhiker's mother, his scientist father discovers a way to use the device to record human dreams.

Several characters become addicted to viewing their own dreams, while Claire's estranged lover, a novelist, remains unaffected.

He writes a novel about the adventure, which ultimately rescues Claire from her addiction to the device, via the power of words.

Este link refere alguns filmes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_recording_and_reproduction_device

Uma nova tecnologia verdadeiramente fascinante:

Brain–computer interface / Interface cérebro-computador
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_c%C3%A9rebro-computador

Uma (nova?) ideia que foi usada já em algums filmes:

… é esta: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneironautics / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onironauta

Um filme "bastante" especulativo, mas que não deixa de ser interessante pelo lado da psicologia, chama-se "A Cela":

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cell / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Cela

Uma utilização terapêutica dos sonhos – o combate aos pesadelos – (na actualidade) é abordada na revista Science & Vie Nº 1162 de Julho de 2014
https://www.relay.com/science-et-vie/cauchemars-enfin-expliques–numero-1162-science-74522-39.html

Trata-se do que se denomina IRT – Imagery Rehearsal Therapy

http://www.aasmnet.org/resources/bestpracticeguides/nightmaredisorder.pdf

Following a Script to Escape a Nightmare
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/27/health/27night.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

O artigo é "La Science des Cauchemars":

« Pour dormir tranquille, il faut n'avoir jamais fait certains rêves », écrivait Alfred de Musset dans Lorenzaccio.

Peut-être pensait-il alors aux cauchemars… Sa phrase illustre en effet un phénomène qui nous touche pratiquement tous.

Et qui reste très mystérieux.

En effet, si les rêves sont largement étudiés, leur coté obscur, lui, a longtemps échappé à la compréhension des chercheurs.

Il a ainsi fallu attendre le milieu des années 2000 pour qu’un premier modèle précis du fonctionnement des cauchemars soit élaboré par Tore Nielsen, psychologue à l’hôpital du Sacré Cœur à Montréal.

Pour lui, les cauchemars naissent dans l’hippocampe, le siège de la mémoire contextuelle dans notre cerveau. Il se poursuit dans l’amygdale où se situe la mémoire de la peur avant de mobilier le cortex préfrontal médian capable d’analyser le cauchemar, d’inhiber la peur qu’il suscite et de le transformer en souvenir tolérable…

Mais si le cortex préfrontal échoue… le cortex cingulaire antérieur se réactive et… le dormeur se réveille brutalement, terrorisé et paniqué.

Suivant ce scénario, il existerait donc de bons et de mauvais cauchemars.

Les premiers nous serviraient à traiter nos souvenirs de peur et à les neutraliser. Les mauvais résulteraient de l’échec de ce processus avec des conséquences pénibles.

Et qui peuvent devenir douloureuses si la fréquence de tels cauchemars est importante.

Cela se produit assez souvent après des événements traumatisants de la vie éveillée comme les guerres ou les catastrophes. D’où l’importance des travaux visant à soigner les personnes victimes de cauchemars à répétition.

Une méthode psychologique, l’IRT, dont nous allons parler, donne des résultats prometteurs dans ce domaine.

– Comment un rêve peut-il se transformer en mauvais rêve ou en cauchemar ?
– Quel rôle positif peuvent jouer les cauchemars en matière de traitement de la mémoire de nos peurs ?
– Pourquoi deviennent-ils parfois pathologique lorsque, par exemple, ils conduisent à l’insomnie chronique ?
– Quelles méthodes permettent alors de s’en délivrer ?
– Peut-on contrôler les cauchemars pour conserver les bons et se protéger contre les mauvais ?

Fonte: http://www.franceculture.fr/emission-science-publique-faut-il-et-peut-on-se-debarrasser-des-cauchemars-2014-06-27

O trabalho deles foi publicado noutras revistas:

http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/recherche/valorisation-de-la-recherche/20140908-les-cauchemars-font-la-une-de-science-vie.html

http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/recherche/sciences-sociales-psychologie/20140908-cest-a-10-ans-que-les-enfants-font-le-plus-de-cauchemars.html

Alguma da bibliografia referida:

http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/5798/20140128/content-nightmares-bad-dreams-identified-new-study.htm

http://www.ceams-carsm.ca/en/antonio.html

http://www.asdreams.org/

http://dreamtalk.hypermart.net/member/list/index.html

http://dreamtalk.hypermart.net/member/files/antonio_zadra.html

https://socialsciences.uottawa.ca/psy/professor-profile?id=172&pageID=2

http://umontreal.academia.edu/ToreNielsen

http://www.ceams-carsm.ca/en/tore.html

E em termos artísticos, partilho aqui que gosto muito desta obra (é uma das minhas favoritas):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Nemo / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Nemo

Já agora, o "Little Ego" também é bastante conhecido:

Em 1984, o ilustrador italiano Vittorio Giardino começou a produzir historietas sob o título Little Ego, uma adaptação em tom de paródia de Little Nemo, sob a forma de quadrinhos eróticos.

Embora não exatamente adequados para crianças (embora estejam longe de serem considerados pornográficos), a obra de Giardino foi bem sucedida na imitação da requintada técnica de desenho e do surrealismo de Winsor McCay.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsor_McCay / http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsor_McCay

Bem Jacuína, muita coisa que foi considerara impossível hoje é nosso cotidiano.
E recordar nossos sonhos já esta em vias disto.

Já a telepatia, é um exemplo de algo que não surgiu nos meios científicos, mas a ciência se dedicou em faze-la se tornar realidade.

Outro dia mesmo em outro tópico estava falando sobre coisas assim, como o Manto da Invisibilidade, o Raio Trator e o Tele-Transporte, são todas coisas que surgiram primeiro conceitualmente fora do meio cientifico e mas graças aos avanços tecnológicos e dedicação dos cientistas, estão se tornando realidade.

E concordo contigo, o celular é quase uma telepatia na prática, ainda mais se usar aquele que encaixa no houvido.