Foi a 25 de Maio de 1961 que John F. Kennedy criou uma mensagem e uma visão poderosíssima para o programa espacial americano.
Em plena Guerra Fria, e depois da União Soviética ter demonstrado por diversas vezes estar na liderança da corrida espacial, John F. Kennedy anunciou que até ao final da década de 60, os Estados Unidos iriam colocar um Homem na Lua e fazê-lo regressar à Terra “não porque fosse fácil, mas porque é difícil e porque este objectivo irá servir para organizar e medir o melhor das nossas energias e qualidades”.
Já no passado escrevi sobre este discurso e sobre o contexto do mesmo aqui. E podem ver também os posts que publiquei no Astropolitica no ano passado sobre a ida à Lua, onde podem inclusive ver o que os jornais portugueses e estrangeiros escreveram sobre culminar do esforço americano com a chegada do Homem à Lua. Basta clicar aqui.
Também o AstroPT já publicou no passado artigos sobre este discurso e o que representa. Podem reler aqui.
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Um artigo sobre o evento:
Lunar Leap: Europe Is Reaching for a Moon Base by the 2030s
http://www.space.com/31488-european-moon-base-2030s.html
There is growing interest in Europe to prioritize the moon as humanity’s next deep-space destination.
Europe’s lunar intentions were clearly evident at an international symposium this month to discuss plans for a return to the moon.
More than 200 scientists and space officials from 28 countries attended the meeting.
NASA’s Kathy Laurini, co-chair for the Exploration Roadmap Working Group for the Global Exploration Roadmap, also took part in the European gathering on lunar exploration.
“The symposium was very well-attended and effective in gathering community input on priorities for exploration of the moon,” Laurini told Space.com.
A major topic at the meeting, she said, was how humans in cislunar space – the region of space near the moon – could contribute to lunar exploration. They could do so by working with robotic assets that demonstrated future human landing technologies and contributed information about high-priority science questions.
“The ESA space-exploration strategy sets the moon as a priority destination for humans on the way to Mars, and the recent talk of a ‘Moon Village’ certainly has generated a lot of positive energy in Europe … [of] Europe playing a role in a global human exploration scenario,” Laurini said. It is clear, she added, that the ESA Ministerial meeting in December 2016 will be an important milestone for Europe.
“The timing is right,” Laurini said, “to get started on the capabilities which allow Europe to meet its exploration objectives and ensure Europe remains a strong partner as humans begin to explore the solar system.”
Sugestão: http://spaceflight.esa.int/humanrobotics/docs/Moon%202020-2030%20Symposium%20Webex%20Sessions.pdf
Sugestão:
International Symposium on Moon 2020 – 2030
http://spaceflight.esa.int/humanrobotics/
Space Exploration has turned into a global endeavour as representatives of ASI (Italy), CNES (France), CNSA (China), CSA (Canada), CSIRO (Australia), DLR (Germany), ESA (European Space Agency), ISRO (India), JAXA (Japan), KARI (Republic of Korea), NASA (USA), NSAU (Ukraine), Roscosmos (Russia), and UKSA (United Kingdom) have formed the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) that has created the Global Exploration Roadmap.
In this roadmap, the strategic goals and objectives of the ISECG members are turned into a logic sequence of mission themes covering the decade 2020 – 2030.
In the ESA Space Exploration Strategy the mission theme of sustainable exploration of the Moon is integrated in the strategic exploration approach for Europe.
A guiding principle is to implement exploration missions with humans and robots in a coordinated manner.
Already now there is investment by governments and private stakeholders in space exploration.
In Europe the programme of Life and Physical Science in Space (ELIPS) helps understanding how humans can live and work in space, and the proposed contribution to the Russian-lead Luna programme takes the next steps in automated exploration of the lunar surface.
ESA already participates on the critical path of developing human space transportation systems for missions beyond low Earth orbit by providing the European Service Module to be used in conjunction with the NASA-developed Orion crew module.
The first steps to expand the human experience beyond the close vicinity of the Earth have thus been taken by a determined international partnership – this is the time to formulate a concrete vision of how to explore the Moon in the next decade in a sustainable and affordable framework.
Next stop: the Moon
The decade 2020-2030 will see a renewed and sustained international effort to explore Earth’s only natural satellite.
The ESA exploration strategy considers the Moon as the next destination for humans venturing beyond Low Earth Orbit and an integral element of the roadmap towards humans missions to Mars.
This will be a shared journey. New and bold ambitions for lunar exploration call for a new era of coordinated human and robotic missions. Humans and robots are set to explore the Moon together.
The ISECG Global Exploration Roadmap underlines the strategic significance of the Moon in a global space exploration endeavour, calling for a shared international vision on how to best accomplish common lunar exploration goals.
The International Space Station programme has demonstrated the importance of a robust international partnership for ISS development, assembly, operations and effective utilization. Now is the time to build on this partnership and open it to new partners to continue the journey beyond low Earth orbit.
The symposium “Moon 2020-2030” will be a key step in advancing the international approach for lunar exploration together with key players from agencies, academia, and industry.
Join us on this exciting voyage.
Vision 2030
The purpose of the symposium is to consolidate an international vision for lunar exploration by 2030, and discuss approaches and innovative ideas for realizing this vision.
Key to realizing the Lunar Exploration Vision 2030 is the step-wise deployment of an international exploration architecture. This vision envisages access for robots and humans to previously unexplored regions.
To enable this vision a change of paradigm is required:
From separate planning of automated and human missions to fully integrated mission planning;
From nationally and private sector driven missions to a truly multilateral effort, including both institutional and private sector partners;
From single missions to an open architecture, enabling repeated missions of increasing complexity.
The challenge
From automated missions to human-robotic cooperation strategies.
From national and bilateral to multilateral cooperation.
From missions to architectures.
From government-driven to common goals of public and private sector.
From PI-driven to open science opportunities.
Symposium objectives
The symposium “Moon 2020-2030” challenges the space agency, academic and industrial communities to engage in a new era of coordinated human and robotic exploration in the interest of science and human expansion.
ESA encourages contributed presentations and open discussions about the future of lunar exploration and invites contributions on the following topics:
Contributions of planned missions and capabilities.
Innovative capabilities for lunar exploration.
Innovative mission concepts.
Recommended focus areas for near-term technology investments and preparatory activities.
Knowledge gaps and related scientific research.
Fundamental scientific research.
Operational aspects, including human roles.
Opportunities and recommended actions to enhance relevance of lunar exploration to society.
Outline
This symposium will feature technical sessions addressing the strategies and challenges of human robotic cooperation on the Moon.
Keynote presentations and several sessions will discuss concrete mission scenarios, whereas open round tables will provide opportunity for exchange of ideas.
A guided visit to the ESA Telerobotics & Haptics Laboratory will allow insight into ongoing research in human-robotic interaction.
Sugestão:
Marketing the Moon – The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program
http://www.getabstract.com/en/summary/sales-and-marketing/marketing-the-moon/21050
David Meerman Scott and Richard Jurek
MIT Press, 2014
Review
Marketing and PR experts David Meerman Scott and Richard Jurek’s beautifully produced case history of the selling of America’s Apollo space program is an anecdotal guide to promoting an industry.
Scientist Wernher von Braun, a major figure behind Apollo, said, “Without public relations…we would have been unable to do it.”
This is a coffee table book, written by marketers rather than journalists, so the telling is sometimes incomplete, and the goal is less to analyze than to highlight.
Still, getAbstract finds that the book is worthwhile and intriguing, as a marketing manual and as a historical record, filled with interesting side stories and photos of artifacts and documents.
Armies of reporters, PR agents, marketing executives, engineers, politicians and bureaucrats worked – more together than not – to attract public support for Apollo.
In part, the collaboration functioned because the undertaking proved so spectacular that it awed even its greatest critics. <–
Now, the question remains: Who lost the US public’s interest in space travel?
About the Authors:
Marketing strategist David Meerman Scott is a PR expert. Marketing executive Richard Jurek specializes in finance and real estate. Foreword author Eugene Cernan is a former astronaut.